Gyomorrák plasztikus linitis

Gyomorrák plasztikus linitis, A gyomorrák megbetegedése

Gyomorrák plasztikus linitis, A gyomorrák megbetegedése

Staging[ edit ] T stages of stomach cancer If cancer cells are vulvar condylomát okoz in the tissue sample, the next step is to stageor find out the extent of the disease.

Various tests determine whether the cancer has spread and, if so, what parts of the body are affected.

Because stomach cancer can spread to the liver, the pancreas, and other organs near the stomach as well as to the lungs, the doctor may order a CT scana PET scan[61] an endoscopic ultrasound exam, or other tests to check these areas.

Blood tests for tumor markerssuch as carcinoembryonic antigen CEA and carbohydrate antigen CA may be ordered, as their levels correlate to extent of metastasis, especially to the liver, and the cure rate.

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Staging may not be complete until after surgery. The surgeon removes nearby lymph nodes and possibly samples of tissue from other areas in the abdomen for examination by a pathologist.

Trastuzumab előrehaladott gyomorrákban szenvedő betegeknél, HER2 pozitív expresszióval a CTC-ben

The clinical stages of stomach cancer are: [62] [63] Stage 0. Limited to the inner lining of the stomach.

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Treatable by endoscopic mucosal resection when found very early in routine screenings ; otherwise by gastrectomy and lymphadenectomy without need for chemotherapy or radiation. Stage I. Penetration to the second or third layers of the stomach Stage 1A or to the second layer and nearby lymph nodes Stage 1B.

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Stage 1A is treated by surgery, including removal of the omentum. Stage 1B may be treated with chemotherapy 5-fluorouracil and radiation therapy. Stage II. Penetration to the second layer and more distant lymph nodes, or the third layer and only nearby lymph nodes, or all four layers but not the lymph nodes.

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Treated as for Stage I, sometimes with additional neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Stage III. Penetration to the third layer and more distant lymph nodes, or penetration to the fourth layer and either nearby tissues or nearby or more distant lymph nodes.

Treated gyomorrák plasztikus linitis for Stage II; a cure is still possible in some cases.

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Stage IV. Cancer has spread to nearby tissues and more distant lymph nodes, or has metastasized to other organs. Gyomorrák plasztikus linitis cure is very rarely possible at this stage. Unfortunately, because early stomach cancer causes few symptoms, the disease is usually advanced when the diagnosis is made. Surgery remains the only curative therapy for stomach cancer.

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The advantage is that it is a much smaller operation than removing the stomach. Hence, this heterogeneous expression should be taken into account for HER2 testing, particularly in small samples such as biopsies, requiring the evaluation of more than one bioptic sample.

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